Abstract ：

为进一步优化石英基空芯反谐振光纤在中红外3～5μm波段的传输损耗,提出一种中红外波段低损耗导光的复合材料空芯反谐振光纤结构,通过在石英基空芯反谐振光纤包层毛细管外侧添加中红外波段高透过率材料作为沉积层,进而降低其在中红外波段的吸收损耗.利用有限元分析软件系统地研究了该结构中沉积层材料厚度占比、沉积层材料性质等因素对中红外波段复合材料光纤传输性能的影响.当复合材料空芯反谐振光纤的纤芯直径为120µm,石英层厚度为400 nm,沉积层为1022.98 nm厚的InF3材料时,复合材料空芯反谐振光纤在5 μm波长处的传输损耗为0.83 dB/m,与谐振波长一致的同结构石英基空芯反谐振光纤相比传输损耗降低了～48.51％.证明该结构可实现中红外波段激光的低损耗传输,有望为中红外波段激光柔性传输提供新的解决方案.

Keyword ：

空芯反谐振光纤 复合材料光纤 中红外光纤 光纤结构设计

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Abstract ：

通过仿真模拟设计了一种低损耗紫外空芯反谐振光纤.首先,基于有限元法,建立了紫外空芯反谐振光纤的理论模型.其次,通过调整光纤反射层和空气填充比例等参数,并采用反谐振效应控制光的传播和反射,进一步优化了光纤的性能和损耗值.最后,采用有限元法对设计的紫外空芯反谐振光纤进行仿真计算,可得光纤在传输波长为375 nm时取得最小传输损耗,为0.003 26 dB/m,对应的在弯曲半径为5 cm时的弯曲损耗为0.006 25 dB/m,并具有高效率和稳定的模式输出.该研究为开展紫外空芯反谐振光纤的高性能仿真设计提供了重要的参考和指导,并为实际应用提供了更多可能性.

Keyword ：

紫外波段 空芯光纤 低损耗 反谐振

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Abstract ：

高功率光纤激光器凭借其转换效率高、性能稳定、光束质量好以及结构紧凑等优点在诸多领域被广泛应用.随着输出功率的不断提升,输出光谱范围不断拓宽,传统石英光纤由于材料损伤、非线性以及材料本征吸收等因素无法满足高功率激光柔性传输的需求.近年来,空芯反谐振光纤的快速发展吸引了高功率激光传输领域科研人员的广泛关注.该光纤通过反谐振反射光波导效应将光限制在纤芯空气介质中传输,极大地降低了模场与石英材料的重叠度,具有高损伤阈值、低非线性等优良性能,在激光传输领域取得了一系列突破性进展.在传输功率方面,目前国际上基于空芯反谐振光纤已经实现了 1 kW连续激光1km传输、30 mJ单脉冲能量纳秒激光传输以及20 GW峰值功率超短脉冲激光传输,展现了其在功率提升方面的潜力.在传输波段方面,空芯反谐振光纤通过调节石英壁厚对传输通带进行调控,已经实现了从紫外波段到中红外波段激光传输.北京工业大学先进激光及光纤技术研究团队基于高性能空芯反谐振光纤的设计及制备技术,在国内率先开展了基于空芯反谐振光纤的高功率激光传输研究,已经实现了 3kW连续激光百米传输和26.8 MW皮秒脉冲激光柔性传输,传输波段从紫外355 nm拓展至中红外4.35 μm,其中在3.1 μm波段传输的平均功率突破了 20 W,处于世界领先水平.本文简要介绍了空芯反谐振光纤的发展历程,并对基于该光纤的高功率激光传输关键技术及研究进展进行了相关讨论.

Keyword ：

光纤光学 光纤激光器 激光传输 空芯反谐振光纤

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本发明公开中红外波段低材料吸收损耗的空芯反谐振光纤及设计方法，具备在中红外材料吸收损耗低、柔性较高、传输损耗低、准单模传输的特点，可用于传输中红外波段激光器的典型激光波长4.7μm以及绝大多数量子级联激光器。其结构由内到外依次为纤芯、微结构包层和外包层；纤芯由低折射率的空气构成；微结构包层由数个互不接触的具有反谐振厚度的毛细管组成，毛细管内部为空气；外包层为厚圆管结构；毛细管及外包层的材料为TeO2‑BaF2‑Y2O3软玻璃。

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Significance The performance of high-power fiber lasers has rapidly improved over the years. Consequently, high-power fiber lasers have become instrumental in the development of industrial processes and national defense technologies. Researchers are attempting to further improve the output power of high-power fiber lasers, but inefficient transmission methods are limiting their widespread application. Free-space transmission introduces complex spatial optical paths, resulting in insufficient flexibility and stability. Therefore, the demand for high-power laser transmission based on flexible fibers is increasing. Traditional solid silica fibers are available for such applications. However the damage threshold and material nonlinearity eventually affect them and thereby limit the increases of transmission power and length. Moreover, the severe material absorption in the mid-infrared band and the large Rayleigh scattering loss at short wavelengths of silica materials limit the laser transmission range. Hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HC-ARFs) provide novel solutions for flexible high-power laser transmission by guiding light through air, a vacuum, or a gas-filled hollow core. Compared with solid-core fibers, HC-ARFs inherently reduce the overlap between the optical field and glass structure by five orders of magnitude, which results in low optical nonlinearity and a higher damage threshold. Recently, numerous multilayer structures have emerged, based on the knowledge of light-guiding mechanisms, which rapidly decrease the losses of HC-ARFs. The unique properties of these innovatively structured HC-ARFs offer significant potential in terms of transmission distance, flexibility, and power-handling capacity. In terms of their transmission bands, HC-ARFs regulate the operational window by adjusting the silica wall thickness. HC-ARFs overcome the transmission bandwidth of silica materials and realize laser transmission from the UV band to the mid-infrared band. Progress The rapid development of HC-ARFs has attracted extensive attention from researchers in the field of high-power laser transmission, and a series of breakthroughs have been achieved. Owing to the high damage threshold and low nonlinearity of HC-ARFs, most research teams focus on the enhancement of transmission power. Currently, in terms of continuous-wave laser transmission, 3 kW high-power laser transmission over 110 m and 1 kW high-power laser transmission over 1 km have been achieved using HC-ARFs. In terms of nanosecond high-energy laser transmission, 30 mJ single pulse energy transmission has been achieved using HC-ARFs. In terms of ultra-short pulse laser transmission with peak power, 20 GW of peak power transmission has been achieved using HC-ARFs. The above achievements fully demonstrate the enormous potential of HC-ARFs in the field of high-power laser transmission. The implementation of high-power laser transmission in special wavelength bands based on HC-ARFs is also an important direction for development. In the mid-infrared band, HC-ARFs have good physicochemical properties and low absorption losses. Currently, an HC-ARF can achieve up to 6 µm wavelength guidance. In terms of high-power laser transmission, our team has exceeded 20 W average power in the 3.1 µm band using HC-ARFs. In the ultraviolet bands, HC-ARFs overcome the limit of Rayleigh scattering loss to achieve low loss transmission. Our team realized high power ultrashort pulse laser transmission in the UV band using HC-ARFs, achieving a peak power of 5.3 MW. Conclusions and Prospects HC-ARFs have the characteristics of low nonlinearity, low dispersion, a high damage threshold, and a controllable number of transmission modes. High-power laser transmission based on HC-ARFs has become a research hotspot. With the improvement of the structural design and fabrication processes for HC-ARFs, the transmission losses of multiple important laser bands are significantly reduced. Research reports on high-power laser transmission based on HC-ARFs continue to emerge, and high-power continuous laser and pulse laser transmission from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared bands has been achieved. However, there is still significant space for improvement, such as further improving transmission power and efficiency and exploring full fiber integrated transmission methods under high power, among others. With the in-depth research and resolution of related technical difficulties, high-power laser transmission technology based on HC-ARFs will become a new generation of transmission solutions and thereby promote the rapid development of related application fields. © 2024 Science Press. All rights reserved.

Keyword ：

fiber optics laser transmission hollow-core anti-resonant fiber fiber laser

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本发明提供了一种超低损耗空芯反谐振太赫兹光纤的制备方法。本发明可以解决太赫兹光纤制备中存在的低损耗材料与超低损耗结构不可兼得的问题。该方法主要包括在传统挤出机基础上添加牵引机、光纤结构拆分、聚合物颗粒原料到包层管的单步制备、光纤堆积与焊接固定四部分。本发明通过挤压成型实现聚合物颗粒到空心反谐振光纤包层管的制备，再根据设计的光纤结构进行光纤的堆积成型，可以实现基于Topas等太赫兹波段低损耗材料、包层管壁厚90微米的太赫兹空芯反谐振光纤的制备，进一步降低空芯反谐振太赫兹光纤的损耗。

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本发明公开了一种中红外波段低损耗导光的复合材料空芯反谐振光纤，包括：自内至外依次设置的纤芯区域、微结构包层区域和外包层区域；微结构包层区域由多个彼此间隔且呈均匀周向分布的复合材料环构成，外包层区域由包覆微结构包层区域的外包层构成；每个复合材料环包括内侧环和外侧环，内侧环的材料与外包层的材料相同，外侧环的材料选用在所需波段具有高透过率的材料。本发明的复合材料空芯反谐振光纤在保证其具有传统空芯反谐振光纤诸多优点的同时，通过微结构包层的创新设计来降低中红外波段激光的传输损耗，降低空芯反谐振光纤对光的吸收，从而使本发明具有低传输损耗甚至是低于0.022dB/m@4μm的超低损耗传输。

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本发明提出了一种基于神经网络的空芯反谐振光纤熔接方法，包括以下步骤：(1)构建神经网络模型；(2)获取学习样本；(3)训练神经网络；(4)对空芯反谐振光纤熔接进行建模。该方法选用15输入、2输出的三层BP神经网络；获取的学习样本参数包括空芯反谐振光纤参数、单模光纤参数、熔接机熔接程序参数及对应状态下光纤熔接损耗和熔接点强度；其中单模光纤首先经过处理，与空芯反谐振光纤的外径和模场直径匹配，通过MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱对采样获取的原始样本集进行训练，实现空芯反谐振光纤熔接的建模，克服熔接过程中存在的随机性导致的熔接过程重复率低、普适性差的问题，大幅度提高空芯反谐振光纤熔接的精度与效率。

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为了进一步降低空芯反谐振光纤在通信波段的传输损耗，利用改良的堆积-拉制法成功制备出在通信C+L波段具有超低损耗的嵌套管式空芯反谐振光纤(Nested HC-ARF)。光纤制备长度为720 m,在1545～1660 nm光谱范围内实现了0.38 dB/km的平均传输损耗，同时光纤LP_(11)模式损耗高达2.96 dB/m,光纤高阶模抑制比为38.9 dB。测量结果表明，制备的Nested HC-ARF具有与实芯单模光纤同一量级的超低传输损耗以及极高的光纤模式纯度，有望作为新一代传输光缆应用于光纤通信系统。

Keyword ：

单模 空芯反谐振光纤 光纤元件 光纤光学 超低传输损耗

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本发明涉及一种结合贵金属纳米颗粒的新型空芯反谐振光纤传感器及检测方法，可应用于对生化领域痕量物质的检测，属于生物医学光子学中的光纤传感领域。进行检测时，首先利用精密注射仪将目标分析物充入功能化反谐振空芯光纤(HARF)中，孵育一段时间使其与功能化界面充分反应。然后由连续激光器发射出的激光通过平凸透镜聚焦并耦合进功能化HARF内。此时由于目标分析物与其适体的特异性结合，荧光报告分子脱离并被激发出荧光。荧光恢复值与目标分析物的浓度呈线性关系。最后从HARF中散射回的光先通过滤波片滤除光源部分，再利用光谱仪收集并分析定量。

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