Valuation　of　health　effects　of　air　pollution　is　becoming　a　critical　component　of　the　performance　of　cost　benefit　analysis　of　pollution　control　measures,　which　provides　a　basis　for　setting　priorities　for　action.　Beijing　has　focused　on　control　of　transport　emission　as　vehicular　emissions　have　recently　become　an　important　source　of　air　pollution,　particularly　during　Olympic　games　and　Post-games.　In　this　paper,　we　conducted　an　estimation　of　health　effects　and　economic　cost　caused　by　road　transport-related　air　pollution　using　an　integrated　assessment　approach　which　utilizes　air　quality　model,　engineering,　epidemiology,　and　economics.　The　results　show　that　the　total　economic　cost　of　health　impacts　due　to　air　pollution　contributed　from　transport　in　Beijing　during　2004-2008　was　272,　297,　310,　323,　298　million　US　$　(mean　value),　respectively.　The　economic　costs　of　road　transport　accounted　for　0.52,　0.57,　0.60,　0.62,　and　0.58%　of　annual　Beijing　GDP　from　2004　to　2008.　Average　cost　per　vehicle　and　per　ton　of　PM10　emission　from　road　transport　can　also　be　estimated　as　106　US　$/number　and　3584　US　$　t(-1),　respectively.　These　findings　illustrate　that　the　impact　of　road　transport　contributed　particulate　air　pollution　on　human　health　could　be　substantial　in　Beijing,　whether　in　physical　and　economic　terms.　Therefore,　some　control　measures　to　reduce　transport　emissions　could　lead　to　considerable　economic　benefit.　(C)　2010　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.