In　this　study,　a　membrane　bioreactor　(MBR)　was　used　to　achieve　both　nitrogen　and　carbon　removal　by　a　simultaneous　partial　nitrification,　anammox　and　denitrification　(SNAD)　process.　During　the　entire　experiment,　the　intermittent　aeration　(non-aerobic　time　:　aeration　time,　min　min(-1))　cycle　was　controlled　by　a　time-controlled　switch,　and　the　aeration　rate　was　controlled　by　a　gas　flowmeter,　and　the　optimal　operating　parameters　as　determined　by　response　surface　methodology　(RSM)　were　a　C/N　value　of　1.16,　a　DO　value　of　0.84　mg　l(-1)　and　an　aerobic　time　(T-ae)　of　15.75　min.　Under　these　conditions,　the　SNAD　process　achieved　efficient　and　stable　nitrogen　and　carbon　removal;　the　total　inorganic　nitrogen　removal　efficiency　and　chemical　oxygen　demand　removal　efficiency　were　92.31%　and　95.67%,　respectively.　With　the　formation　of　granular　sludge,　the　membrane　fouling　rate　decreased　significantly　from　35.0　Pa　h(-1)　at　SNAD　start-up　to　19.9　Pa　h(-1)　during　stable　operation.　Fluorescence　in　situ　hybrid　analyses　confirmed　the　structural　characteristics　and　the　relative　ratio　of　aerobic　ammonia-oxidizing　bacteria,　anaerobic　ammonia-oxidizing　bacteria　and　denitrifying　bacteria　in　the　SNAD　system.