Aggressive　driving　is　common　across　the　world.　While　most　aggressive　driving　is　conscious,　some　aggressive　driving　behavior　may　be　unconscious　on　part　of　motor　vehicle　drivers.　Perceptual　bias　of　aggressive　driving　behavior　is　one　of　the　main　causes　of　traffic　accidents.　This　paper　focuses　on　identifying　impact　factors　related　to　aggressive　driving　perceptual　bias.　Questionnaire　data　from　690　drivers,　collected　from　a　drivers＇　retraining　course　administered　by　the　Traffic　Management　Bureau　in　Nanjing,　China,　were　used　to　collect　drivers＇　socioeconomic　characteristics,　personality　traits,　and　external　environment　data.　Actual　penalty　points　were　considered　as　an　objective　indicator　and　Gaussian　mixture　model　(GMM)　was　used　to　cluster　an　objective　indicator　into　different　levels.　The　driving　anger　expression　(DAX)　was　used　to　measure　drivers＇　self-assessment　of　aggressive　driving　behavior　and　then　to　identify　perceptual　biases.　Then　a　binary　logistic　model　was　estimated　to　explore　the　influence　of　different　factors　on　drivers＇　perceptual　bias　of　aggressive　driving　behavior.　Results　showed　that　bus　drivers　were　less　likely　to　have　perceptual　bias　of　aggressive　driving　behavior.　Truck　drivers,　drivers　with　an　extraversion　characteristic,　and　drivers　who　have　dissatisfaction　with　road　infrastructure　and　actual　work　were　likely　to　have　a　perceptual　bias.　The　findings　are　potentially　beneficial　for　proposing　targeted　countermeasures　to　identify　dangerous　drivers　and　improve　drivers＇　safety　awareness.