To　construct　a　graphical　neural　network　in　vitro　and　explore　the　morphological　effects　of　neural　network　structural　changes　on　neurons,　this　study　aimed　to　introduce　a　method　for　fabricating　microfluidic　array　chips　with　different　graphical　structures　based　on　248-nm　excimer　laser　one-step　etching.　Through　the　comparative　analysis　of　the　graphical　neural　network　cultured　on　our　microfluidic　array　chip　with　the　one　on　the　glass　slide,　the　morphological　effects　of　the　neural　network　on　the　morphology　of　the　neurons　were　studied.　First,　the　design　of　the　chip　was　completed　according　to　the　specific　structure　of　the　neurons　and　the　simulation　of　the　flow　field.　The　chips　were　fabricated　by　excimer　laser　processing　combined　with　the　casting　technology.　Neurons　were　cultured　on　the　chip,　and　a　graphical　neural　network　was　formed.　The　growth　status　of　the　neural　network　was　analyzed　by　microscopy　and　immunofluorescence　technology,　and　compared　with　the　random　neural　network　cultured　on　glass　slides.　The　results　showed　that　the　neurons　on　the　array　chips　grew　in　microchannels,　and　neurites　grew　along　the　direction　of　the　channel,　interlacing　to　form　a　neural　network.　Furthermore,　when　the　structure　of　the　neural　network　was　graphically　changed,　the　internal　neuron　morphology　changed:　on　the　same　culture　days,　the　maximum　length　of　the　neurites　of　the　graphical　neural　network　was　higher　than　the　average　length　of　the　neurites　of　the　random　neural　network.　This　research　can　provide　the　foundation　for　the　exploration　of　the　neural　network　mechanism　of　neurological　diseases.