Performance　indicators　such　as　energy,　stiffness　and　displacement　are　the　key　parameters　to　evaluate　the　damage　degree　of　structures　or　members　subjected　to　earthquake.　Establishing　accurate　and　effective　damage　models　based　on　these　parameters　is　very　necessary　for　performance-based　seismic　design.　The　current　damage　models　have　some　deficiencies　in　dynamic　mechanism,　threshold　range,　accuracy　and　applicability.　According　to　the　mechanism　of　energy　dissipation,　it　is　assumed　that　the　damage　of　structures　and　members　is　closely　related　to　the　difference　between　the　ideal　elastic-plastic　deformation　energy　and　the　actual　elastic-plastic　deformation　energy.　This　differential　ratio　can　be　used　to　represent　the　damage　degree　and　damage　evolution.　Based　on　this,　the　damage　model　based　on　differential　ratio　of　elastic　plastic　dissipated　energy　is　proposed,　and　the　specific　calculation　methods　under　monotonic　static　load,　quasi-static　load　and　dynamic　load　are　given,　respectively.　Further,　the　damage　index　ranges　corresponding　to　different　damage　grades　are　determined,　and　the　application　ranges　and　characteristics　of　different　damage　models　are　compared.　The　applicability　and　accuracy　of　damage　model　based　on　differential　ratio　of　elastic　plastic　dissipated　energy　in　members　and　structures　subjected　to　different　load　are　verified　by　damage　assessment　of　the　shear　wall　(static　load),　one　6-story　RC　frame　structure　(static　load,　seismic　load)　and　one　12-story　RC　frame　structure　(shaking　table　test).　The　analysis　results　proved　the　damage　model　proposed　in　this　paper　has　the　advantages　of　clear　mechanism,　strict　threshold,　widely　application　range　and　can　characterize　the　dynamic　evolution　of　damage.