In　this　paper,　we　report　a　novel　optical　data　fragmentation　multipath　(ODFM)　scheme　for　coherent　optical　communication　based　on　electrical　signal　processing　in　simulation.　Under　the　control　of　a　pseudo-random　sequence　(PRBS),　we　randomly　disperse　the　user　data　and　assign　them　to　paths　corresponding　to　different　wavelengths　for　transmission.　To　reduce　the　hardware　complexity　of　the　system　and　the　requirements　for　receiver　sensitivity,　we　adopt　binary　phase　shift　keying　(BPSK)　modulation　and　homodyne　coherent　detection　in　the　scheme.　To　verify　the　feasibility　of　the　proposed　ODFM　scheme,　we　demonstrated　an　error-free　transmission　through　40　km　fiber　with　10　Gbps　hopping　rate　and　10　Gbps　data　rate　by　the　simulation　tools.　The　proposed　scheme　can　be　widely　used　in　the　physical　layer　secure　communication　of　backbone　network,　large-scale　data　transmission　and　physical　layer　encryption　of　free　space　optical　(FSO)　communication.