Due　to　the　anthropogenic　activities,　such　as　industrial　wastewater　discharge　and　the　direct　use　of　sea　and　brackish　water　as　secondary　quality　water,　sewage　with　sulfate　concentrations　around　50-500　mg/L　can　be　formed.　Sulfide　and　polymeric　sulfur　compound　(poly-S),　as　the　main　reduction　products　of　sulfate　under　anaerobic　conditions,　have　important　effects　on　enhanced　biological　phosphorus　removal　(EBPR)　system.　This　work　aims　to　review　the　effects　and　act　mechanisms　of　sulfide　on　the　conventional　enhanced　biological　phosphorus　removal　(CEBPR)　process,　the　creation　and　characteristics　of　the　sulfur　cycle-associated　enhanced　biological　phosphorus　removal　(S-EBPR)　system,　and　the　functions　of　poly-S　in　S-EBPR　system.　It　is　found　that,　sulfur　compounds　and　poly-S　are　important　for　the　biological　phosphorus　removal　process　with　the　synergistic　participation　of　sulfur　cycle,　and　proper　regulation　of　operating　conditions　may　further　enhance　the　performance　of　EBPR　for　treating　the　sulfur-containing　wastewater.　The　shortcomings　of　the　current　researches　and　the　research　directions　in　the　future　are　also　put　forward.　It　is　intended　to　provide　theoretical　foundations　for　securing　satisfactory　EBPR　performance　and　the　treatment　of　low　ρ(C)/ρ(P)　ratio　and　sulfur-containing　wastewater.　©　2022,　Editorial　Department　of　Journal　of　Beijing　University　of　Technology.　All　right　reserved.