The　natural　multi-scale　defects　in　concrete　are　important　factors　affecting　the　performance.　To　comprehensively　improve　the　performance　of　concrete,　a　method　of　adding　variety　materials　into　concrete　to　improve　the　defects　from　nano-micron-millimeter　scales　is　proposed,　and　carbon　nanotubes　(CNTs),　calcium　carbonate　whiskers　(CCW),　PVA　fiber,　steel　fiber　and　rubber　particles　are　selected　for　tests.　The　whole　tests　are　completed　by　the　phased　test　method.　Firstly,　CNTs　and　CCW　are　added　into　concrete,　and　the　optimal　content　scheme　of　CNTs　and　CCW　is　determined.　On　this　basis,　this　study　designed　and　completed　the　multi-scale　modified　concrete　test　that　further　added　PVA　fiber,　steel　fiber　and　rubber　particles　according　to　response　surface　method　(RSM).　Finally,　combined　with　RSM,　hybrid　effect　coefficient　and　scanning　electron　microscope　(SEM),　the　multi-scale　modified　concrete　test　results　are　analyzed.　The　analysis　results　indicated　that　the　regression　equation　established　by　RSM　has　high　accuracy　and　can　effectively　predict　concrete　mechanical　properties　under　different　materials　content.　Steel　fiber　and　PVA　fiber　can　improve　concrete　performance,　while　rubber　particles　can　improve　the　deformation　capacity　and　reduce　the　peak　stress　and　toughness.　When　the　contents　of　CNTs,　CCW,　PVA　fibers,　steel　fibers　and　rubber　particles　are　0.6　%,　6　%,　0.075　%,　1　%　and　0　%　respectively,　the　multi-scale　modified　concrete　has　the　best　mechanical　properties.　©　2022　The　Authors