The　static　test　is　appropriate　for　studying　the　seismic　performance　of　underground　structures　due　to　the　large　size　of　the　model　structure　and　the　controllable　stress　level.　By　setting　elastic　elements　around　the　model　structure,　the　static　pushover　test　of　the　spring-underground　structure　system　could　simulate　the　initial　stress　state　of　the　underground　structure　and　soil-structure　interactions　during　the　pushover　process.　Taking　the　Daikai　subway　station　damaged　in　the　1995　Hanshin　earthquake　in　Japan　as　the　model　structure,　a　series　of　static　pushover　tests　of　underground　structures　with　a　geometric　scale　of　1/5　were　performed.　The　impact　of　vertical　ground　motion　on　the　seismic　performance　of　underground　structures　was　studied　by　conducting　two　static　pushover　tests　of　spring-underground　structure　system　under　different　vertical　loads;　the　impact　of　surrounding　soil　on　the　seismic　performance　and　failure　process　of　underground　structures　was　studied　by　conducting　static　pushover　tests　with　and　without　springs　under　the　same　vertical　load.　The　relationship　between　the　horizontal　pushover　force　and　the　structural　interstory　drift,　the　concrete　strain　change　process　of　structural　weak　vertical　member,　the　structural　failure　phenomenon,　and　the　seismic　performance　of　the　test　object　can　be　obtained　from　the　tests,　which　can　provide　valuable　information　for　experimental　research　on　the　seismic　performance　of　underground　structures.　The　test　results　demonstrate　that　the　vertical　ground　motion　decreases　the　ductility　of　underground　structure,　and　the　surrounding　soil　improves　the　lateral　collapse　resistance　of　underground　structure.　©　2022　Elsevier　Ltd