In　this　study,　questionnaire　surveys　and　field　measurements　were　conducted　at　houses　with　elderly　people　in　urban　and　rural　areas　across　six　regions　of　China.　The　prevalence　of　hypertension　was　approximately　40%　in　both　urban　and　rural　areas.　The　logistic　analysis　results　indicated　a　greater　prevalence　of　hypertension　in　the　elderly　of　rural　residences　and　a　low　indoor　temperature-induced　hypertension.　According　to　the　field　measurement　survey,　the　room　temperature　was　stable　at　around　23　°C　in　the　housing　in　northern　urban　areas　equipped　with　district　heating　systems,　and　fluctuated　from　being　equivalent　to　outdoor　temperature　to　around　15　°C　in　the　southern　regions　where　air-conditioners　were　used.　For　housing　in　the　northern　rural　areas　where　Chinese　Kangs　were　used,　the　daily　fluctuation　in　room　temperature　was　significant,　and　room　temperature　was　stable　at　a　low　level　in　the　southern　part　without　space　heating.　The　room　temperature　and　blood　pressure　were　negatively　correlated.　Therefore,　to　maintain　the　health　of　the　elderly　in　houses　with　low　room　temperatures　in　winter,　it　is　necessary　to　improve　the　thermal　environment　by　enhancing　the　thermal　performance　of　the　building　and　the　heating　equipment.　©　Copyright　©　2022　ASHRAE.