2D　nanofluidic　membranes　are　capable　of　regulating　ion　transport　toward　various　applications　concerning　energy　and　environment,　which　is　primarily　contributed　by　the　excess　charge　on　the　interior　surface　of　narrow　nanoscale　pores.　However,　there　is　still　a　lack　of　comprehensive　summaries　and　discussions　on　the　surface　charge　modification　principles　and　strategies　of　2D　nanofluidic　membranes,　as　well　as　the　practical　applications　of　charge-modified　2D　nanofluidic　membranes　for　regulating　ion　transport.　In　this　review,　the　surface　charge　modification　principles　and　charge　modification　methods　of　2D　nanofluidic　membranes　are　first　introduced　in　detail,　which　is　of　great　significance　for　improving　the　ion　regulation　capability　of　membranes　and　realizing　the　design　of　nanochannel　materials.　Next,　recent　advances　in　the　two　typical　applications　of　concentration　cells　and　water　treatment　based　on　charge-modified　2D　nanofluidic　membranes　are　summarized.　Finally,　some　challenges　and　prospects　related　to　charge-modified　2D　nanofluidic　membranes　are　discussed　to　indicate　directions　for　future　research　in　this　field.　It　is　anticipated　that　this　review　will　provide　valuable　strategies　for　the　development　of　high-performance　charge-modified　2D　nanofluidic　membranes　toward　energy　and　environment　applications.