Controlling　selective　ion　transport　is　highly　desirable　for　high-efficiency　energy　related　applications.　Covalent　organic　frameworks　(COFs)　are　emerging　porous　materials　with　tunable　aperture　sizes　and　diverse　functional　groups　with　charge　densities　similar　to　those　of　biomimetic　ion　channels.　These　merits　endow　COFs　with　excellent　ion　selectivity.　Currently,　the　development　of　ion-selective　COFs　has　become　a　focus　in　energy　related　applications;　however,　it　faces　some　severe　challenges.　This　review　article　systematically　summarizes　recent　progress　in　the　development　of　ion-selective　COF-based　materials　related　to　the　energy　field.　First,　the　structure　and　processes　of　the　skeletons,　linkages,　and　physical/chemical　properties　of　ion-selective　COFs　are　introduced.　Second,　the　ion-selective　mechanisms　of　COF-based　materials　are　clarified　based　on　size　confinement　and　electrostatic　interactions.　Third,　recent　progress　in　the　application　of　COFs,　including　lithium-ion　batteries,　zinc　-ion　batteries,　and　salinity　gradient　energy　generators,　is　discussed.　Finally,　major　existing　challenges　and　po-tential　future　directions　for　ion-selective　COF　research　and　application　are　identified.　This　review　provides　a　theoretical　basis　for　the　design　of　novel　COFs　with　superior　ion　selectivity　for　next-generation　energy　related　devices.