The　impact　of　crushing　on　the　macroscopic　mechanical　characteristics　of　granular　materials　from　a　microscopic　perspective　has　recently　been　revealed　using　the　discrete　element　method　(DEM).　The　influence　of　the　self-organized,　mass　conservation　and　volume　conservation　of　daughter　particles　in　the　fragment　replacement　method　(FRM)　on　particle　breakage　is　complex　and　crucial.　In　this　paper,　14-ball　Apollo　directly　filling　method　(DFM)　and　expansion　method　are　combined　to　keep　balance　among　particles　before　and　after　crushing,　considered　to　establish　DEM　to　simulate　granular　material.　By　considering　the　influence　of　volume　loss　on　the　micro-fracture　condition　of　the　samples,　the　macro-responses　of　mechanical　and　deformation　characteristics,　the　gradation　change　and　the　critical　state　are　studied.　The　effect　of　inter-particle　interaction　on　macroscopic　properties　is　also　analyzed　from　the　microscopic　perspective.　The　rationality　of　the　volume　expansion　method　is　verified.　The　comparisons　of　samples　with　volume　conservation　and　volume　loss　show　that　the　stress　development　process　and　the　volumetric　strain　are　affected.　The　existence　of　the　balance　point　of　volume　effect　is　related　to　the　stress　level　which　lead　to　the　difference　in　stress　and　strain.　Through　analysis　of　relative　breakage　index　(Br)　and　the　statistical　number　of　microscopic　particles,　it　can　be　seen　that　the　gradation　deviation　comes　from　the　two-way　influence　of　the　volume　loss　on　the　crushing　of　particles.　The　volume　loss　has　no　effect　on　stress　ratio　in　the　critical　state,　but　has　a　significant　effect　on　stress　change　during　shearing　process,　and　results　in　the　critical　state　void　ratio　to　decrease　with　increasing　confining　pressure.　The　rationality　of　daughter　particles’　volume　conservation　are　analyzed　from　the　motion,　displacement　development　and　force　chain　evolution.　©　2023,　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　licence　to　Springer　Science+Business　Media,　LLC,　part　of　Springer　Nature.