In　order　to　accurately　predict　the　risk　level　of　ancient　timber　structures　under　earthquake,　22　evaluation　indexes　were　selected,　including　hazard　of　disaster-causing　factors,　susceptibility　assessment　of　disaster　environment,　and　vulnerability　of　disaster-bearing　body,　combined　with　seismic　damage　characteristics　and　structural　characteristics　of　ancient　timber　structures,　and　an　earthquake　risk　assessment　model　was　established　by　using　the　improved　matter-element　extension　model.　In　this　model,　closeness　degree　is　used　instead　of　correlation　degree,　which　improves　the　accuracy　of　evaluation　results.　This　model　was　used　to　evaluate　the　risk　of　an　ancient　timber　structure　under　different　ground　motion　levels.　The　results　show　that　the　ancient　timber　structure　is　at　moderate　risk　when　the　peak　acceleration　of　ground　motion　is　0.05g,　0.10g,　and　0.20g,　and　when　it　encounters　earthquakes　with　peak　ground　accelerations　of　0.40g,　it　become　sat　a　higher　risk.　©　2023,　Taiyuan　University　of　Technology.　All　rights　reserved.