Earthquake-resilient　underground　structures　can　reduce　earthquake-induced　damage,　protect　life　and　property,　and　maintain　their　functions　with　minor　or　no　repair　after　an　earthquake.　As　earthquake-resilient　cities　are　increasingly　developed,　improving　the　seismic　resilience　of　underground　structures　has　become　a　popular　topic　in　research　on　underground　structure　earthquake　engineering.　This　paper　systematically　summarizes　research　progress　on　the　improved　seismic　resilience　of　urban　underground　structures.　The　principle　of　earthquake-resilient　underground　structures　is　first　introduced.　Then,　the　latest　achievements　in　these　structures　are　summarized　from　two　aspects,　namely,　improvements　in　the　seismic　performance　of　underground　structures　during　earthquakes　and　restoration　of　the　function　of　underground　structures　after　earthquakes.　Finally,　the　research　trend　of　earthquake-resilient　underground　structures　is　discussed.　Most　of　the　technologies　proposed　to　improve　the　seismic　resilience　of　underground　structures　focus　on　reducing　earthquake-induced　damage.　Research　on　restoring　the　function　of　underground　structures　after　earthquakes　is　generally　insufficient.　Future　work　should　focus　on　restoring　the　function　of　underground　structures　after　earthquakes,　especially　the　restoration　degree　and　speed.　Moreover,　new　structural　systems　and　larger-scale　model　tests,　which　form　the　basis　of　assessments　of　the　seismic　behavior　of　underground　structures,　should　be　further　developed.　The　seismic　design　standards　and　codes　of　earthquake-resilient　underground　structures　should　be　put　forward,　and　the　popularization　and　further　applications　of　earthquake-resilient　underground　structures　should　be　conducted.　©　2022　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences.　All　rights　reserved.