The　uncertainty　analysis　of　the　monitoring　data　in　metro　construction　is　significant　for　the　decision-making　and　management　of　engineering.　Statistical　inference　theory　is　employed　frequently　to　analyze　uncertainty.　Three　key　issues　must　be　ascertained　in　order　to　employ　the　theory　scientifically.　(1)　What　is　the　principle　of　monitoring　data　collection　to　ensure　the　statistical　scientificity　of　monitoring　data?　(2)　What　are　normally　the　statistical　properties　of　monitoring　data　with　statistical　scientificity　in　practical　cases?　(3)　How　to　test　the　statistical　scientificity　and　properties　of　monitoring　data　in　practical　construction?　The　study　on　these　issues　is　implemented　by　employing　statistical　theory　and　statistical　test　methods.　Some　conclusions　achieved　are　that:　(1)　All　the　monitoring　points　selected　to　collect　data　must　have　similar　engineering　conditions　to　ensure　that　the　data　collected　can　comply　with　the　demands　of　a　random　sample　and　statistical　scientificity.　(2)　The　monitoring　data　with　statistical　scientificity　should　follow　Gaussian　distributions　because　of　the　central　limit　theorem,　therefore　the　normality　assumption　of　practical　analysis　has　a　rationale.　(3)　The　practical　analysis　should　verify　the　statistical　scientificity　by　employing　run　tests,　and　verify　the　normality　of　the　monitoring　data　by　probability　plots　and　χ2tests.　These　can　ensure　the　scientificity　and　reliability　of　statistical　inference　by　combining　statistical　theory　and　tests.　©　2022　Academia　Sinica.　All　rights　reserved.