Due　to　the　unparalleled　advantage　at　the　quality　control　of　industrial　products,　intelligent　detection　of　surfacedefect　based　on　vision　sensing　has　attracted　ever-increasing　attention　and　been　applied　in　a　wide　range　of　industries,　such　as　automotive　industry,　semiconductor　manufacturing,　glass　fabrication,　steel　metallurgy.　The　rapid　development　of　AI　learning　algorithms　and　the　vision　sensing　technology　has　brought　new　opportunity　and　challenges　to　the　detection　of　surface　defect.　A　survey　of　methodologies　and　trends　in　the　vision　based　surface　detection　was　summarized,　with　special　focus　on　modern　image　processing,　geometric　deep　learning　and　deep　learning　methods　for　object　detection,　which　could　prompt　a　technological　breakthrough　to　the　intelligent　detection　of　surface　defect.　The　applications　of　industrial　image　detection　were　discussed　by　three　typical　fields　including　steel　metallurgy,　air　pollution　monitoring　and　defect　detection　of　aircraft　engine.　Several　challenging　issues　were　envisioned　for　future　research.　©　2022　CIMS.　All　rights　reserved.