In　order　to　study　the　seismic　performance　of　prefabricated　subway　station　structure　(PSSS),　the　shaking　table　test　was　carried　out　to　analyze　the　seismic　response　of　PSSS.　According　to　the　shaking　table　test　results,　a　three-dimensional　finite　element　model　considering　the　interaction　of　PSSS,　enclosure　structure　and　soil　was　established.　Numerical　simulations　of　the　seismic　response　of　PSSS　under　different　test　conditions　were　implemented.　Through　the　comparative　analysis　of　numerical　results　and　shaking　table　test　results,　the　seismic　response　characteristics　of　PSSS　were　revealed,　and　the　seismic　damage　mechanism　of　PSSS　was　summarized.　The　results　showed　that　the　numerical　results　and　shaking　table　test　results　reflected　similar　regularities,　indicating　that　the　established　finite　element　model　and　analysis　method　were　reliable　and　effective.　PSSS　had　good　performance　in　earthquake　resistance,　prefabricated　joints　had　outstanding　performance　in　deformation　resistance,　which　enabled　the　prefabricated　components　to　work　together.　Under　extreme　earthquakes,　the　vault,　the　upper　and　lower　ends　of　the　side　walls,　the　internal　non-load-bearing　structure,　and　the　envelope　structure　of　PSSS　were　the　most　severely　damaged　areas.　It　was　reasonably　predicted　that　the　seismic　damage　mechanism　of　PSSS　is　divided　into　three　stages:　firstly,　the　enclosure　structure　suffered　seismic　damage;　secondly,　the　non-load-bearing　structure　inside　the　structure　loses　stability;　finally,　the　top　arch　structure　degenerates　into　a　three-hinged　arch　structure.　©　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　license　to　Springer　Nature　Switzerland　AG　2022.