The　rapid　expansion　of　renewable　energies　asks　for　great　progress　of　energy-storage　technologies　for　sustainable　energy　supplies,　which　raises　the　compelling　demand　of　high-performance　rechargeable　batteries.　To　satisfy　the　huge　demand　from　the　coming　energy-storage　market,　the　resource　and　cost-effectiveness　of　rechargeable　batteries　become　more　and　more　important.　Manganese　(Mn)　as　a　key　transition　element　with　advantages　including　high　abundance,　low　cost,　and　low　toxicity　derives　various　kinds　(spinels,　layered　oxides,　polyanions,　Prussian　blue　analogs,　etc.)　of　high-performance　Mn-based　electrode　materials,　especially　cathodes,　for　rechargeable　batteries　ranging　from　Li-ion　batteries,　Na-ion　batteries,　aqueous　batteries,　to　multivalent　metal-ion　batteries.　It　is　anticipated　that　Mn-based　materials　with　Mn　as　the　major　transition-metal　element　will　constitute　a　flourishing　family　of　Mn-based　rechargeable　batteries　(MnRBs)　for　large-scale　and　differentiated　energy-storage　applications.　On　the　other　hand,　several　critical　issues　including　Jahn-Teller　effect,　Mn　dissolution,　and　O　release　greatly　hinder　the　pace　of　MnRBs,　which　require　extensive　material　optimizations　and　battery/system　improvements.　This　review　aims　to　provide　an　investigation　about　Mn-based　materials　and　batteries　for　the　coming　energy-storage　demands,　with　compelling　issues　and　challenges　that　must　be　overcome.