Cities　play　a　vital　role　in　social　development,　which　contribute　to　more　than　70%　of　global　carbon　emission.　Low-carbon　city　construction　and　decarbonization　of　the　energy　sector　are　the　critical　strategies　to　cope　with　the　increasingly　serious　climate　change　problems,　and　low-carbon　technologies　have　attracted　extensive　attention.　However,　the　potential　of　such　technologies　to　reduce　carbon　emissions　is　constrained　by　various　factors,　such　as　space,　operational　environment,　and　safety　concerns.　As　an　essential　territorial　natural　resource,　underground　space　can　provide　large-scale　and　stable　space　support　for　existing　low-carbon　technologies.　Integrating　underground　space　and　low-carbon　technologies　could　be　a　promising　approach　towards　carbon　neutrality,　and　hence,　warrants　further　exploration.　First,　a　comprehensive　review　of　the　existing　low-carbon　technologies　including　the　technical　bottlenecks　is　presented.　Second,　the　features　of　underground　space　and　its　low　carbon　potential　are　summarized.　Moreover,　a　framework　for　the　underground　space　based　integrated　energy　system　is　proposed,　including　system　configuration,　operational　mechanisms,　and　the　resulting　benefits.　Finally,　the　research　prospect　and　key　challenges　required　to　be　settled　are　highlighted.　©　2023　Tongji　University