Although　traditional　3D　terrain　algorithms　can　improve　the　rendering　efficiency　of　the　terrain,　they　often　ignore　the　performance　of　the　terrain　itself.　The　use　of　four　textures　is　not　sufficient　to　deal　with　complex　terrain　scenes.　Therefore,　a　terrain　virtual　texture　mapping　algorithm　based　on　GPU　instancing　was　proposed,　which　can　map　multiple　surface　textures　of　more　terrains　to　one　virtual　texture　before　rendering,　preventing　the　operation　of　GPU　pipelines　from　being　interrupted　due　to　the　change　of　surface　textures.　In　this　case,　the　parallel　computing　power　of　GPU　can　be　better　utilized,　completing　the　efficient　rendering　of　diverse　terrains　with　fewer　rendering　times.　The　experimental　results　have　shown　that　this　algorithm　can　increase　the　diversity　of　terrain　changes　so　as　to　applicable　to　more　complex　large　terrain　systems.　©　2023　IEEE.