Uncovering　the　highly　complex　driving　mechanisms　behind　ecosystem　services　(ESs)　supply-demand　matching　relationships　is　of　great　significance　for　achieving　sustainable　eco-environment　and　land　planning.　Unfortunately,　the　effects　within　this　process　are　still　inadequate　and　spatially　explicit　knowledge　of　the　surplus-deficit　status　for　multiple　ESs　remain　under-researched.　The　study　area　is　the　Bairin　Left　Banner,　located　in　North　East　of　China.　In　detail,　a　comprehensive　framework　was　proposed　to　fill　this　research　gap　by　coupling　the　assessment　of　ESs　supply-demand,　spatial　correlations　and　driving　analysis.　The　results　showed　that:　(1)　the　surplus　for　all　ESs　was　dominant　in　northern　mountains　covered　with　forests　whereas　deficit　was　observed　in　southern　urban　areas.　Specifically,　the　spatially　mismatched　supply-demand　pattern　for　habitat　quality　and　carbon　storage　was　predominant　while　that　relation　for　soil　conservation　and　water　yield　was　spatially　aligned　in　general.　(2)　the　relationships　between　ESs　supply　and　demand　were　affected　by　different　socio-ecological　factors　with　positive　effects　from　natural　drivers　while　negative　influences　from　social　factors　on　the　whole.　The　supply-demand　matching　degrees　for　habitat　quality　and　water　yield　were　more　susceptible　to　slope　and　population　density.　Precipitation　and　vegetation　were　proved　to　be　dominant　factors　for　controlling　surplus　of　soil　conservation　while　the　supply-demand　pattern　for　carbon　storage　was　mainly　affected　by　vegetation　and　population.　(3)　The　results　of　multi-scale　geographically　weighted　regression　showed　its　superiority　with　more　accurate　estimations　compared　to　traditional　methods.　Drastic　human　activities　would　adversely　affect　ESs　supply-demand　matching　while　abundant　precipitation　coupled　with　more　vegetation　could　create　favorable　conditions　for　forming　surplus　ESs　status.　Based　on　these　new　findings,　some　land　planning　and　eco-environment　management　measures　were　suggested　to　achieve　the　supply-demand　coordination　of　various　ESs　in　arid　regions.　The　proposed　framework　could　deliver　deeper　insights　into　the　field　of　ESs　supply-demand　analysis　and　the　targeted　proposals　were　also　valuable　for　policymaking　worldwide.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd