Gears　are　important　parts　of　machines.　It　is　a　general　trend　applying　topological　modifications　to　control　the　performance　of　gears.　Acquiring　the　3D　topological　information　of　gear　geometry　by　existing　gear　measuring　technology　has　become　a　reality.　However,　according　to　present　evaluation　system　of　gear　accuracy,　only　a　small　sample　of　measurements　and　the　extreme　deviations　are　used　to　calculate　the　parameters.　This　approach　has　some　disadvantages.　A　new　system　for　evaluating　gear　accuracy　based　on　full　information　is　proposed　in　this　work.　The　new　system　evaluates　gears　based　on　full　information　of　all　measurements,　statistical　analysis　approaches　and　representative　parameters　of　gear　accuracy.　The　new　system　consists　of　three　parts:　a　three-dimensional　model　to　express　the　tooth　surface　errors,　the　definitions　and　formulas　of　new　parameters　based　on　the　three-dimensional　model,　and　the　construction　of　the　new　classification　system　based　on　the　selected　new　parameters.　The　new　evaluation　system　can　make　up　for　the　shortages　of　the　existing　one.　The　proposed　system　can　take　full　advantage　of　the　measurements.　Values　of　the　proposed　parameters　are　less　sensitive　to　the　random　measuring　errors　than　those　of　the　existing　system.　The　new　system　has　a　good　application　prospect　in　analyzing　the　error　source　of　the　manufacture　system,　evaluating　the　capability　of　process,　and　predicting　the　actual　performance　of　the　gear.　Firstly,　a　three-dimensional　model　to　express　the　tooth　surface　errors　is　proposed　in　this　paper.　Then,　the　definitions　and　extraction　methods　of　the　characteristic　data　sets　(CDS)　are　proposed　based　on　the　three-dimensional　expression　of　the　errors.　The　calculation　formulas　of　new　parameters　of　accuracy　are　presented.　And　the　evaluation　system　of　gear　accuracy　based　on　full　information　is　established　by　composing　selected　parameters.　Finally,　simulation　and　actual　experiments　illustrate　the　effects　of　the　proposed　system　to　identify　the　characteristics　of　errors.　©　2017,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.