Vehicle　electrification　has　been　seriously　considered　as　an　industrial　revolution　to　achieve　sustainable　transportation　in　China.　With　the　development　of　the　electric　system,　electric　vehicles　and　railway　systems　are　utilizing　and　generalizing.　To　accurately　and　adequately　evaluate　the　energy　consumption　and　CO2　emission　effects　of　fuel　and　electric　vehicles,　this　study　focuses　on　these　two　kinds　of　vehicles,　including　buses　and　cars,　and　analyses　their　environmental　impacts.　Results　show　that　electric　vehicles　consume　less　heat　energy　and　release　less　CO2　emission　than　fuel　vehicles　do　at　the　same　distance.　Public　vehicles　consume　much　less　heat　energy　than　private　cars　no　matter　which　kind　of　fuel　they　use.　In　addition,　the　CO2　emission　of　fuel　cars　is　larger　than　that　of　fuel　buses.　Moreover,　electric　energy　is　cheaper　than　gasoline　and　diesel.　Therefore,　the　electric　power　will　benefit　the　environment　and　society.　The　power　should　be　recommended　to　substitute　oil　in　the　future.　Although　electric　vehicles　still　have　some　limitations,　such　as　prolonging　the　life　of　batteries,　developing　new　energy,　and　green　energy　can　guarantee　energy　security　and　benefit　the　environment　and　reduce　the　emission　of　CO2.　©　2021　EDP　Sciences.　All　rights　reserved.