Although　particle　dampers　are　characterized　by　a　wide　damping　frequency　band,　flexible　arrangement,　and　applicability　to　harsh　environments,　they　have　three　shortcomings:　their　performance　is　difficult　to　simulate,　insufficient　research　has　been　conducted　on　the　damping　effect　they　exert　on　multi-story　structures,　and　there　are　no　methods　for　evaluating　their　performance.　Therefore,　the　aim　of　this　research　was　to　develop　a　Multiple　Unidirectional　Single-Particle　Damper　(MUSPD).　Firstly,　the　simulation　element　of　the　MUSPD　was　established　by　analyzing　its　damping　mechanism,　following　which　the　values　of　the　parameters　in　the　element　were　determined.　Secondly,　a　series　of　shaking　table　tests　were　performed　to　investigate　the　damping　effect　of　the　MUSPD　and　demonstrate　the　accuracy　of　the　simulation.　Thirdly,　the　optimal　layout　of　the　MUSPD　was　proposed　based　on　an　analysis　of　the　relationship　between　particle　mass,　particle　movement　distance,　and　damping　effect.　Fourthly,　a　dynamic　method　for　evaluating　the　damping　effect　of　the　MUSPD　was　proposed.　Finally,　the　rationality　and　feasibility　of　the　optimal　layout　scheme　and　the　method　for　evaluating　the　MUSPD　in　multi-story　structures　were　verified　by　a　case　analysis.　The　test　results　demonstrated　that　the　damping　rate　of　MUSPD　for　displacement　peaks　in　multi-story　structures　reached　21.40　%,　with　a　root　mean　square　damping　rate　of　36.50　%.　Additionally,　for　acceleration　peaks,　MUSPD　achieved　a　damping　rate　of　25.12　%,　with　a　root　mean　square　damping　rate　of　38.10　%.　MUSPD　exhibited　a　significant　damping　effect　on　multi-story　structures.　The　comparison　between　test　results　and　simulation　results　showed　that　the　simulation　element　of　the　MUSPD　exhibited　good　accuracy;　Simulation　analysis　results　revealed　that　the　optimal　layout　scheme　and　dynamic　evaluation　method　were　reasonable　and　effective.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd