The　release　of　microbial　aerosols　during　municipal　wastewater　treatment　is　a　widespread　and　intricate　process，particularly　concerning　the　pathogenic　constituents　that　pose　potential　health　risks　to　humans.　In　this　study，the　release　patterns，microbial　population　structure　and　mitigation　measures　for　microbial　aerosol　in　municipal　wastewater　treatment　plants（WWTP）were　systematically　summarized.　The　results　show　that　microbial　aerosols　are　generaated　at　all　stages　of　municipal　WWTP，with　the　aeration　and　mechanical　stirring　in　the　operational　units　serving　as　the　main　sources.　Besides，bacterial　aerosol　concentrations　generally　surpass　those　of　other　components，with　indoor　operational　units　generally　exhibitting　higher　levels　than　outdoor　units.　It　is　worth　noting　that　microbial　aerosols　may　induce　health　issues　in　humans，including　gastrointestinal　diseases，respiratory　diseases，allergic　reactions　and　other　symptoms　on　human　body，which　mainly　stem　from　pathogenic　bacteria，mycotoxins　and　viruses　involved，such　as　Flavobacterium，Staphylococcus　lentus，Salmonella，Escherichia　coli，Enterobacter　aerogenes，Aspergillus　fumigatus，Cladosporium，Enterovirus　and　Norovirus，etc.　At　present，control　measures　for　microbial　aerosols　in　municipal　WWTP　encompass　on-site　mannagement　and　terminal　reduction，involving　process　optimization，aeration　adjustment，the　introduction　of　free-floating　medium，ultraviolet　irradiation，proper　ventilation，capping　treatment　and　comprehennsive　solutions.　©　2023　Science　Press.　All　rights　reserved.