With　the　objectives　of　achieving　＂peak　carbon＂　and　＂carbon　neutrality＂,　accurately　quantifying　the　carbon　emissions　of　road　transportation　becomes　crucial.　It　is　challenging　to　accurately　describe　the　energy　consumption　of　vehicles　at　both　temporal　and　spatial　scales　from　a　macro　perspective.　Therefore,　focusing　on　the　quantitative　model　of　vehicle　micro　energy　consumption　and　road　meso　energy　consumption,　this　paper　reviewed　and　summarized　the　energy　consumption　model　of　road　traffic　in　terms　of　data　collection,　quantification　accuracy,　and　scope　of　application.　Based　on　this　analysis,　this　paper　identifies　the　challenges　of　the　current　road　traffic　energy　consumption　model.　Finally,　we　look　forward　to　future　research　directions　for　studying　quantitative　models　of　energy　consumption　from　road　transportation.