Quantitatively　analysing　the　impacts　on　regional　water　sustainability　under　the　energy　transition　is　vital　to　regional　water　management　and　specific　technology　selection,　which　is　also　relevant　to　dealing　with　climate　change.　This　study　proposed　a　new　multi-indicator　evaluation　framework　for　regional　water　sustainability　under　local　energy　transition　to　quantitatively　evaluate　the　water　withdrawal　and　water　environment　during　the　energy　transition　from　a　lifecycle　perspective.　An　integrated　regional　energy-water　evaluation　model　was　also　developed　based　on　the　Low　Emissions　Analysis　Platform　with　a　combination　of　lifecycle　assessment　and　water　footprint　analysis.　Shaanxi　province　in　China　was　then　taken　as　a　case　study,　and　the　impacts　of　its　energy　transition　on　regional　water　environmental　sustainability,　including　quantity　and　quality,　were　investigated　under　five　scenarios.　Results　showed　that　the　large-scale　application　of　carbon　capture,　utilisation　and　storage　technology　and　bioenergy　equipped　with　carbon　capture　and　storage　technology　could　have　additional　advantages　regarding　CO2　emissions.　However,　such　technologies　exhibit　a　minimal　effect　on　improving　water　environmental　quality　and　reducing　water　demand　for　the　first　time　due　to　the　leakage　of　absorbents,　CO2　and　other　risky　substances　during　capture,　transportation　and　storage　from　a　lifecycle　perspective.　This　finding　drives　the　innovation　of　related　breakthrough　technologies　with　the　promotion　of　water　and　end-treatment　technologies　in　the　future.