Membrane　fouling　induced　by　natural　organic　matter　(NOM)　is　a　challenge　for　wider　application　of　photocatalytic　membranes　(PMs).　In　this　study,　Bi2O3-TiO2　(BT)　and　powdered　activated　carbon　(PAC)　were　coated　on　the　ultrafiltration　(UF)　membrane　surface　with　sandwich　structure　(BT/PAC-UF),　to　mitigate　membrane　fouling　of　PMs　under　the　ultraviolet　(UV)　irradiation.　When　exposed　to　UV　irradiation,　the　BT/PAC　coating　demonstrated　superior　performance　in　mitigating　membrane　fouling,　achieving　a　higher　flux　recovery　rate　of　43.1　%　and　a　lower　irreversible　fouling　rate　of　57.5　%,　compared　to　individual　PAC　and　BT　coating　layers.　Additionally,　after　BT/PAC　coating　under　UV　irradiation,　the　removal　efficiencies　of　dissolved　organic　carbon　(DOC),　UV254,　and　protein-like　fluorescents　improved　to　63　%,　59　%,　and　73.4　%,　respectively,　and　the　interfacial　energy　also　increased　to　6.30　mJ/m2,　surpassing　that　achieved　by　PAC　and　BT　coatings.　In　contrast　to　BT-UF　under　UV　irradiation,　the　removal　efficiencies　of　low　molecular　weight　(LMW)　Acids　and　Neutrals　were　increased　21　%　and　66　%　in　BT/PAC-UF,　respectively.　The　Lifshiitz-van　der　Waals　energy　(ΔGLW)　had　the　highest　Mantel　correlation　with　the　membrane　resistance,　followed　by　surface　hydrophilicity　energy　(ΔGsls).　The　removal　efficiencies　of　humic-like　and　protein-like　fluorescents　showed　high　negative　correlation　with　ΔGLW　and　ΔGsls　(Pearson＇s　r　=　-0.98).　The　BT/PAC　coating　can　reduce　the　content　of　humic-like　and　protein-like　fluorescents,　leading　to　a　reduced　attraction　of　the　natural　organic　matter　(NOM)　to　the　membrane.　Meanwhile,　the　required　volume　for　the　changed　from　pore　blocking　to　cake　filtration　was　reduced　most　from　320　ml　to　180　ml　by　the　BT/PAC　coating.　The　UF　membrane　fouling　of　PMs　caused　by　NOM　was　mitigated　eventually.　©　2024　Elsevier　B.V.