Sustainable　Urban　development　is　an　immortal　challenge　for　the　world,　among　which　resource-based　cities　(RBCs)　face　more　complex　dilemmas　due　to　their　special　characteristics.　This　determines　that　they　are　the　key　areas　and　difficult　areas　to　achieve　sustainable　development.　This　study　is　oriented　to　the　Sustainable　Development　Goals　(SDGs)　and　constructs　a　research　framework　for　sustainable　development　of　resource-based　cities　based　on　the　deconstruction　of　the　SDGs　of　RBCs.　A　comprehensive　sustainable　development　evaluation　framework　was　constructed　based　on　DPSIR-Entory,　and　ESDA　and　Geographically　Weighted　Regression　(GWR)　models　were　used　to　study　the　sustainability　transition　effects　of　RBCs.　Based　on　this,　a　System　Dynamics　(SD)　model　was　constructed　to　predict　and　simulate　the　future　development　of　resource-based　cities　under　different　scenarios.　The　results　indicated　that　(1)　there　is　a　significant　spatial　clustering　of　the　sustainable　transformation　ability　of　RBCs.　(2)　different　RBCs　achieve　sustainable　development　at　different　rates,　and　low-growth　RBCs　show　a　trend　of　shifting　from　the　northwest　region　and　the　southwest　region　to　the　northeast　region.　(3)　DPSIR　has　different　promoting　or　inhibiting　effects　on　enhancing　the　sustainable　development　impact　of　RBCs　regions.　(4)　to　attain　sustainable　development　of　RBCs,　it　is　crucial　to　strike　a　balance　in　implementing　policies　within　a　multifaceted　urban　system.　This　study　provides　an　in-depth　analysis　of　the　current　situation,　problems,　opportunities　and　challenges　of　the　transformation　and　sustainable　development　of　RBCs　nationwide　and　proposes　countermeasures.　In　order　to　enhance　the　study　of　sustainable　development　of　RBCs,　it　is　of　great　practical　significance　for　the　national　RBCs　to　break　the　resource　curse　dilemma　and　achieve　sustainable　development.　©　2024　The　Authors