With　the　advent　of　the　5　G　era,　data　transmission　is　faster,　but　because　the　concrete　is　a　natural　wave　absorber　agent,　the　signal　in　underground　space,　building　groups　and　other　areas　is　still　poor,　and　there　are　few　reports　on　how　to　improve　the　electromagnetic　transmission　performance　of　concrete　in　the　5　G　frequency　band　and　mechanism　analysis.　In　addressing　these　issues,　this　study　incorporated　0　wt%,　1　wt%,　2　wt%,　and　3　wt%　functionalized　nanoscale　wood　fiber　(NWF)　into　ordinary　Portland　cement　(OPC)　paste　to　assess　their　impact　on　the　compressive　strength　and　electromagnetic　transmission　performance　(ETP).　The　findings　reveal　that　while　NWF　reduces　the　OPC　paste　compressive　strength.　However,　it　exerts　a　positive　influence　on　the　molecular　structure,　electrostatic　force,　pore　solution,　and　pore　structure.　Ultimately,　the　ETP　of　OPC　paste　can　be　enhanced　by　10.3–47.1%.　Notably,　at　2　wt%　NWF　content,　the　ETP　is　significantly　improved　(boosted　by　33.1%),　with　an　impressive　electromagnetic　transmission　coefficient　of　66.8%,　while　the　compressive　strength　is　only　reduced　by　16.7%.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd