Presently,　traffic　safety　analysis　is　mainly　based　on　accident-based　indicators,　but　they　are　incidental　and　small　probability　events,　making　safety　analysis　based　on　accident-related　data　difficult　to　achieve　a　comprehensive　application　in　network　size,　and　to　realize　risk　assessment　before　accidents　occur.　To　this　end,　this　study　innovatively　develops　a　metric　named　Traffic　Dynamic　Operation　Risk　(TDOR)　based　on　aggressive　driving　behaviors　(ADBs)　and　traffic　flow　data　for　traffic　safety　evaluation.　And　Non-Negative　Matrix　Factorization　(NMF)　is　adopted　to　explore　the　quantitative　risk　under　the　coupling　of　multiple　risk　factors.　The　results　show　that:　1)　segments　with　high　TDOR　are　always　concentrated　in　a　certain　area　and　in　a　spatial　distribution　of　Gaussian,　and　the　peaks　of　these　distributions　are　almost　the　assesses　of　transportation　hubs　or　complex　intersections;　2)　traffic　volume　and　coefficient　of　speed　variation　are　the　significant　risk　factors　at　ordinary　sections　and　branches,　while　traffic　volume　and　speed　difference　between　upstream　are　the　largest　contributions　at　intersections;　3)　roads　with　more　accidents　are　associated　with　a　higher　TDOR,　but　the　relationship　between　the　two　is　not　completely　linearly　correlated.　The　experimental　results　show　that　it　is　reasonable　and　feasible　to　use　ADBs　and　traffic　flow　parameters　to　quantify　traffic　safety　risks.　Compared　with　other　matrix　factorization　methods,　the　importance　of　variables　based　on　NMF　is　more　interpretable　and　more　consistent　with　the　change　pattern　of　risk　variables.　The　method　proposed　in　this　paper　can　change　the　previous　traffic　risk　assessment　pattern　based　on　accident-related　indicators　and　provide　a　basis　for　pre-accident　risk　prevention.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd