The　verification　of　the　correctness,　adaptability,　and　robustness　of　software　systems　in　modern　precision　measurement　instruments　is　of　great　significance.　Due　to　the　difficulty　in　processing　and　calibrating　high-precision　fine-pitch　gear　artefacts,　the　function　verification　and　accuracy　calibration　of　vision　measurement　instruments　for　the　fine-pitch　gear　have　become　a　challenge.　The　calibration　method　of　the　gear　vision　measurement　system　based　on　the　virtual　gear　artefact　involves　two　steps,　namely　obtaining　and　applying　the　virtual　artefact.　The　obtained　virtual　gear　artefact　has　the　same　geometric　features,　error　features,　and　image　edge　features　as　the　real　artefact.　The　calibration　method　based　on　the　virtual　artefact　can　complete　the　correctness　verification　of　the　gear　vision　measurement　system,　and　is　superior　to　the　traditional　methods　in　adaptability　verification,　robustness　verification,　and　fault　analysis.　In　a　test,　the　characteristic　error　of　the　virtual　gear　artefact　could　be　reproduced　with　the　original　shape　in　the　evaluation　results　of　the　computer　vision　gear　measurement　(CVGM)　system,　while　the　reproduction　error　did　not　exceed　1.9　mu　m.　This　can　meet　the　requirements　of　the　verification　of　the　gear　vision　measurement　software.　The　application　of　the　virtual　gear　artefact　can　significantly　improve　the　accuracy　and　robustness　of　the　computer　vision　measuring　instrument　of　the　fine-pitch　gear.