Friction　rolling　additive　manufacturing　(FRAM)　is　a　solid-state　additive　manufacturing　technology　that　plasticizes　the　feed　and　deposits　a　material　using　frictional　heat　generated　by　the　tool　head.　The　thermal　efficiency　of　FRAM,　which　depends　only　on　friction　to　generate　heat,　is　low,　and　the　thermal-accumulation　effect　of　the　deposition　process　must　be　addressed.　An　FRAM　heat-balance-control　method　that　combines　plasma-arc　preheating　and　instant　water　cooling　(PC-FRAM)　is　devised　in　this　study,　and　a　temperature　field　featuring　rapidly　increasing　and　decreasing　temperature　is　constructed　around　the　tool　head.　Additionally,　2195-T87　Al-Li　alloy　is　used　as　the　feed　material,　and　the　effects　of　heating　and　cooling　rates　on　the　microstructure　and　mechanical　properties　are　investigated.　The　results　show　that　water　cooling　significantly　improves　heat　accumulation　during　the　deposition　process.　The　cooling　rate　increases　by　11.7　times,　and　the　high-temperature　residence　time　decreases　by　more　than　50　%.　The　grain　size　of　the　PC-FRAM　sample　is　the　smallest,　i.e.,　3.77±1.03　μm,　its　dislocation　density　is　the　highest,　and　the　number　density　of　precipitates　is　the　highest,　the　size　of　precipitates　is　the　smallest,　which　shows　the　best　precipitation-strengthening　effect.　The　hardness　test　results　are　consistent　with　the　precipitation　distribution.　The　ultimate　tensile　strength,　yield　strength　and　elongation　of　the　PC-FRAM　samples　are　the　highest　(351±15.6　MPa,　251.3　±　15.8　MPa　and　16.25　%±1.25　%,　respectively)　among　the　samples　investigated.　The　preheating　and　water-cooling-assisted　deposition　simultaneously　increases　the　tensile　strength　and　elongation　of　the　deposited　samples.　The　combination　of　preheating　and　instant　cooling　improves　the　deposition　efficiency　of　FRAM　and　weakens　the　thermal-softening　effect.　©　2024