The　growing　number　of　Mpox　cases　in　China　has　posed　a　challenge　to　public　health.　The　prevalence　of　men　who　have　sex　with　men　behaviors　among　students　has　been　consistently　increasing　each　year　in　China,　accompanied　by　a　high　frequency　of　unprotected　anal　sex.　As　crowded　places,　schools　are　highly　likely　to　cause　an　Mpox　outbreak　among　students　through　long-term　close　contact.　Understanding　university　students’　perceptions　about　Mpox　and　willingness　to　vaccinate　play　a　vital　role　in　implementing　preventive　measures　in　schools.　This　study　aimed　to　assess　knowledge,　concerns,　and　vaccine　acceptance　toward　Mpox　among　university　students　in　North　and　Northeast　China.　A　cross-sectional　study　was　conducted　among　3831　university　students　from　seven　universities　in　North　and　Northeast　China　between　September　10　and　September　25,　2023.　This　study　found　a　relative　insufficiency　in　Mpox　knowledge　among　university　students　(71.60%),　with　less　than　half　expressing　concern　about　the　Mpox　outbreak　(39.57%),　and　the　majority　exhibiting　a　positive　attitude　to　vaccination　(76.30%).　Multivariate　regression　analysis　revealed　that　a　good　knowledge　level　was　associated　with　age,　study　discipline,　education　level,　and　a　high　level　of　concern　about　Mpox.　Male,　elderly,　or　highly　educated　participants　had　a　low　level　of　concern　about　Mpox.　Participants　with　a　high　level　of　knowledge　toward　Mpox　were　more　likely　to　have　the　vaccination　willingness.　This　study　might　help　governments　and　schools　to　understand　students’　Mpox　perceptions　and　vaccination　intentions,　enabling　them　to　implement　effective　measures　in　addressing　the　issue　of　inadequate　understanding　regarding　Mpox　among　university　students.　©　2024　The　Author(s).　Published　with　license　by　Taylor　&　Francis　Group,　LLC.