With　the　rapid　demand　for　high-performance　energy　storage　systems,　lithium-ion　batteries　(LiBs)　have　emerged　as　the　predominant　technology　in　various　applications.　However,　ensuring　the　safety　and　reliability　of　these　batteries　remains　a　critical　challenge.　Ultrasound-based　detection,　as　a　non-destructive　and　effective　method　for　monitoring　the　internal　state　of　LiBs,　has　gradually　emerged　as　a　valuable　tool　to　enhance　battery　safety,　reliability,　and　performance.　This　paper　provides　a　review　of　recent　advancements　in　the　field　of　acoustic　detection　for　LiBs,　delving　into　the　fundamental　principles　and　mechanisms　governing　the　propagation　of　acoustic　signals　within　these　batteries.　This　paper　reviews　the　correlation　between　these　acoustic　signals　and　the　operational　status　of　the　battery,　as　well　as　the　association　with　internal　side　reactions　during　abnormal　conditions.　The　strengths　and　limitations　of　current　ultrasound-based　detection　methods　are　emphasized,　offering　insights　to　guide　researchers,　engineers,　and　industry　professionals　in　advancing　the　field.　The　review　aims　to　foster　the　development　of　robust　ultrasound-based　detection　solutions　for　the　next　generation　of　energy　storage　systems.　©　2024　Elsevier　B.V.