Owing　to　their　nanoscale　size　and　porous　structure,　both　colloidal　gold　nanoparticles　(AuNPs)　and　nanoporous　gold　(NPG)　have　demonstrated　good　and　stable　surface-enhanced　Raman　scattering　(SERS)　activity,　and　are　therefore　widely　used　as　SERS　substrates　for　the　rapid　detection　of　various　components　in　food,　environmental,　biological,　and　other　samples.　In　this　study,　we　fabricated　a　novel,　sensitive,　and　reproducible　composite　threedimensional　(3D)　substrate　for　rapid　SERS-based　detection　of　illegal　additives　in　food　products.　AuNPs　and　NPGs　were　prepared　by　chemical　reduction　and　chemical　dealloying　methods,　with　the　particle　size　of　AuNPs　about　60　nm　and　the　pore　size　of　NPG　in　the　range　of　5-36　nm.　The　AuNPs　were　then　assembled　on　the　surface　of　NPG　to　form　the　composite　substrate　3D-NPG/AuNPs,　which　was　characterized　by　transmission　electron　microscopy,　scanning　electron　microscopy,　X-ray　diffraction,　and　other　methods.　Finally,　the　new　SERS　substrate　combined　with　a　portable　Raman　spectrometer　was　used　to　detect　the　illegal　food　additives　6-benzylaminopurine　and　melamine,　with　detection　limits　of　1　x　10-9　M　and　5　x　10-　7M　respectively.　We　further　analyzed　the　relationship　between　the　dealloying　time-controlled　morphology　and　the　SERS　properties　of　NPG,　demonstrating　that　3DNPG/AuNPs　as　a　novel　SERS　substrate　have　strong　practical　application　potential　in　the　rapid　detection　of　food　additives　and　other　substances.