The　area　of　permafrost　worldwide　accounts　for　approximately　20%　to　25%　of　land　area.　In　cold-climate　regions　of　China,　which　are　garnering　international　attention,　the　study　of　low-temperature　and　moisture　effects　on　rock　mass　mechanical　properties　is　of　significant　importance.　China　has　a　wide　area　of　cold　regions.　This　research　can　provide　a　foundation　for　China＇s　exploration　activities　in　such　extreme　environments.　This　paper　examines　the　mechanical　behavior　of　rock　specimens　subjected　to　various　low　temperatures　and　water　contents　through　uniaxial　compression　tests.　The　analysis　encompasses　failure　modes,　stress-strain　relationships,　uniaxial　compressive　strength　(UCS),　and　elastic　modulus　(EM)　of　these　specimens.　Findings　reveal　that　at　lower　temperatures,　the　rock　specimens＇　fracture　patterns　transition　from　compressive　shear　failure　to　cleavage　failure,　reflecting　a　shift　from　a　plastic-elastic-plastic　to　a　plastic-elastic　response.　Specifically,　saturated　rocks　exhibit　a　40.8%　decrease　in　UCS　and　an　11.4%　reduction　in　EM　compared　to　their　dry　counterparts.　Additionally,　in　cold　conditions,　an　increased　water　content　in　rocks　primarily　leads　to　vertical　cracking.　Under　such　conditions,　saturated　rocks　show　a　52.3%　decline　in　UCS　and　a　15.2%　reduction　in　EM,　relative　to　their　dry　state.