To　estimate　the　water　demands　of　water　distribution　systems　(WDSs)　after　earthquakes,　a　new　method　is　proposed　in　this　study　to　model　the　post-earthquake　water　demands　of　different　user　nodes　in　WDSs,　relying　on　urban　land　use　maps　and　resident　population　distribution.　The　method　considers　three　key　restoration　phases:　rescue,　refuge,　and　reconstruction.　The　spatial　distribution　of　post-earthquake　population　in　various　land　parcels　is　first　determined　based　on　the　empirical　models　of　earthquake　evacuees　and　casualties.　Then,　the　water　demands　of　a　land　parcel　are　estimated　by　multiplying　the　parcel＇s　area　by　the　corresponding　post-earthquake　water　demand　indices,　along　with　the　sum　of　water　demands　for　ordinary　residents,　injured　individuals,　and　evacuees　in　the　land　parcel.　To　allocate　the　water　demands　of　different　land　parcels　to　user　nodes,　the　service　areas　of　different　user　nodes　are　determined　using　Thiessen　polygons.　Finally,　the　water　demands　of　a　land　parcel　are　allocated　to　user　nodes　based　on　the　percentage　of　the　parcel＇s　area　within　the　service　areas　of　the　user　nodes.　The　proposed　method　is　applied　to　a　WDS　currently　operating　in　a　typical　city　located　in　high　seismic　intensity　region.　The　numerical　results,　in　terms　of　the　water　demands　of　the　whole　network　and　different　user　nodes,　are　compared　with　those　obtained　from　two　existing　methods.　The　influence　of　seismic　intensity　on　the　water　demands　of　different　user　nodes　is　also　investigated　in　this　study.　The　numerical　results　show　that　in　the　proposed　method,　the　post-earthquake　water　demands　of　WDSs　increase　in　the　three　restoration　phases,　which　is　consistent　with　the　post-earthquake　survey　of　WDSs　after　the　2008　Wenchuan　earthquake,　indicating　the　rationality　of　the　proposed　modeling　method.　©　2024