To　achieve　carbon　neutrality,　the　development　and　application　of　low-carbon,　zero-carbon,　and　negative-carbon　technologies　are　crucial　for　transforming　energy　and　industrial　structures.　Prospective　Life　Cycle　Assessment　(PLCA)　serves　as　a　vital　tool　in　this　transformation　by　providing　a　forward-looking　framework　for　evaluating　the　future　environmental　impacts　of　emerging　technologies.　PLCA　not　only　considers　the　scaling　of　technologies　but　also　focuses　on　resource　efficiency　and　energy　system　optimization.　However,　current　PLCA　frameworks　often　face　challenges　related　to　data　limitations　and　inconsistencies　in　evaluation　models,　which　can　lead　to　uncertainties　in　environmental　impact　assessments.　This　paper　proposes　a　robust　and　scientifically　PLCA　framework　to　reduce　modeling　uncertainties　and　support　the　carbon　neutrality　goal.　Based　on　the　summary　of　the　current　research　and　application　of　PLCA,　focusing　on　its　role　in　assessing　low-carbon,　zero-carbon,　and　negative-carbon　technologies　in　key　sectors　such　as　industry,　transportation,　construction,　and　agriculture,　the　paper　identifies　critical　issues　that　PLCA　must　address　to　support　the　future　development　of　these　technologies.　Through　this　enhanced　PLCA　framework,　the　paper　aims　to　offer　methodological　support　for　decision-making　in　technology　selection　and　energy　optimization,　providing　policymakers　with　a　clear　path　to　advance　carbon-neutral　strategies　while　ensuring　environmental　sustainability　and　economic　efficiency.　©　2024　Elsevier　Inc.