Gamification　has　emerged　as　a　method　in　rehabilitation　training　to　increase　users’　adherence,　subjective　perception,　and　physical　fitness.　Neuroticism　personality　trait　can　take　an　active　role　in　affecting　people＇s　behavior　during　the　rehabilitation　process.　However,　little　research　has　been　conducted　to　study　whether　and　how　neuroticism　may　influence　users’　interaction　with　the　game-based　rehabilitation　training.　In　this　manuscript,　we　conduct　a　laboratory-controlled　experiment　that　not　only　measured　the　influence　of　neuroticism　on　users’　perception　with　the　game-based　hand　rehabilitation　training　but　also　employed　functional　near-infrared　spectroscopy　(fNIRS)　to　in-depth　reveal　how　neuroticism　may　influence　users’　brain　functions.　The　results　show　that,　for　people　with　high　neuroticism,　the　game-based　hand　rehabilitation　training　can　significantly　improve　their　subjective　perceptions　and　brain　functions.　The　findings　could　be　useful　for　developing　a　more　effective　hand　rehabilitation　training　based　on　user　personality.　©　2024　Elsevier　B.V.