The　aging　resistance　of　asphalt　binder　is　one　of　the　key　factors　in　determining　the　service　life　of　asphalt　pavements.　In　order　to　clarify　the　mechanism　of　anti-aging　additives　for　improving　the　aging　resistance　of　asphalt　binder,　a　study　based　on　molecular　dynamics　simulations　was　done.　The　effect　of　anti-aging　additives　on　the　aging　resistance　of　SBS-modified　asphalt　binder　was　analysed　by　molecular　dynamics　parameters　and　rheological　parameters.　The　results　showed　that　the　molecular　model　obtained　by　assembling　the　molecular　structure　of　four　fractions　and　SBS　modifier　was　reasonable.　The　diffusion　capacity　of　asphalt　binder　molecules　was　weakened　after　long-term　aging.　Aged　asphalt　binder　showed　a　higher　energy　barrier　to　change　from　steady　state　to　unsteady　state.　The　anti-aging　additives　did　not　cause　significant　effect　on　the　distribution　of　the　four　fractions　in　asphalt　binder.　It　inhibited　the　increase　of　heavy　fractions　and　intermolecular　forces　in　asphalt　binder　during　long-term　aging.　It　improved　the　flowability　of　long-term　aged　SBS-modified　asphalt　binder.　During　long-term　aging,　the　change　in　diffusion　coefficient　of　asphalt　binder　with　additives　was　about　50.4%　of　that　of　asphalt　binder　without　additives.　The　research　results　provide　a　convenient　way　to　choose　the　anti-aging　additives.　©　2025　Informa　UK　Limited,　trading　as　Taylor　&　Francis　Group.