According　to　the　movement　of　lithium-ions　between　the　positive　electrode　and　the　negative　electrode,　the　alternate　transformation　of　the　state　of　charge　of　the　lithium-ion　battery　was　realized,　which　was　the　chargedischarge　cycle.　Under　the　low　temperature　and　high　current　charging　conditions,　some　lithium　ions　were　deposited　on　the　surface　of　the　anode　in　the　form　of　lithium　metal,　resulting　in　the　lithium　deposition　phenomenon.　In　this　research,　an　alternate　detection　method　was　proposed　to　probe　the　lithium　deposition　based　on　the　ultrasonic　transmission　characteristics.　Firstly,　combined　with　the　Biot　theory　and　the　transfer　matrix　method,　the　theoretical　model　of　ultrasonic　reflection/transmission　characteristics　of　multi-layered　porous　lithium-ion　batteries　was　established.　The　effect　of　the　state　of　charge　and　the　lithium　deposition　layer　thickness　on　the　frequency　spectrum　of　the　ultrasonic　reflection/transmission　coefficient　was　numerically　analyzed.　Then,　the　ultrasonic　transmission　characteristic　test　system　was　built,　and　the　relationship　between　the　resonant　frequency　point　and　state　of　charge　was　investigated　experimentally.　Finally,　the　lithium　deposition　battery　was　prepared　in　high-rate　and　low-temperature　conditions.　Through　the　analysis　of　the　experimental　measurement　results　of　the　shift　characteristics　of　the　frequency　spectrum　of　the　ultrasonic　transmission　coefficient,　the　influence　of　lithium　deposition　on　the　characteristic　points　of　the　ultrasonic　frequency　spectrum　was　explored.　Through　Scanning　Electron　Microscope　investigations　it　can　be　suspected　that　the　anode　sheet　showed　significant　lithium　deposition,　which　was　a　great　extension　of　the　application　scope　of　the　non-destructive　lithium　deposition　detection　methods.