Mesoporous　carbon　materials　have　great　potential　in　energy　storage,　catalysis　and　adsorption　separation　due　to　their　unique　pore　size　distribution,　high　specific　surface　area　and　excellent　stability.　This　review　discusses　the　synthesis　methods　of　mesoporous　carbon　materials.　The　comparative　analysis　emphasizes　the　advantages　and　limitations　of　different　preparation　methods,　providing　a　basis　for　the　targeted　design　of　mesoporous　carbon　materials.　The　properties　of　mesoporous　carbon　(high　specific　surface　area,　electrochemical,　thermal　stability,　etc.)　are　introduced　in　detail,　and　the　relationship　between　the　physicochemical　properties　of　mesoporous　carbon　and　its　electrochemical　and　adsorption　properties　is　discussed,　and　the　contribution　of　structural　regulation　to　performance　improvement　is　clarified.　In　addition,　the　practical　applications　of　mesoporous　carbon　materials　in　supercapacitors,　lithium-ion　batteries,　adsorption　and　catalysis　are　discussed.　Challenges　such　as　stability,　cost-effectiveness　and　scalability　are　pointed　out,　and　future　research　prospects　in　functional　modification,　precise　structural　design　and　environmentally　sustainable　synthesis　are　envisioned.　Copyright　©　2025　Wei,　Yanfei　and　Jiao.