Anaerobic　ammonia　oxidation　(anammox)　has　become　a　prominent　research　topic　in　municipal　wastewater　treatment.　It　features　significant　advantages　such　as　reduced　organic　carbon　demand,　decreased　sludge　generation,　and　realized　energy-saving　operations.　This　review　summarizes　the　implementation　situation　of　the　anammox　process　in　municipal　wastewater　treatment.　First,　the　performance,　process,　and　applied　studies　of　the　anammox　process　in　sidestream　and　mainstream　treatments　are　discussed.　Additionally,　full-scale　implementation　cases　of　the　anammox　process　for　treating　municipal　wastewater　in　various　countries　and　regions　were　presented.　Finally,　future　directions　for　anammox　process　in　practical　engineering　were　proposed　to　support　energy　self-sufficiency　and　carbon　neutrality.