As　global　efforts　intensify　in　response　to　climate　change,　establishing　a　new　energy　system　predominantly　based　on　renewable　sources　has　become　a　critical　necessity　to　achieve　carbon　neutrality　target.　Solar　photovoltaic　(PV)　power,　due　to　its　low-carbon　attributes　during　electricity　generation　stage,　has　increasingly　widespread　adoption.　However,　the　manufacture　of　PV　module　still　faces　the　challenges　such　as　dependency　on　strategic　mineral　resources,　high　energy　consumption　and　pollution　in　certain　critical　stages　of　the　supply　chain.　This　study　employed　life　cycle　assessment　(LCA)　methodology　to　analyze　the　resource　and　environment　impact　during　the　life　cycle　of　a　typical　monocrystalline　silicon　solar　cell　(MSSC),　including　raw　materials　and　energy　acquisition,　transportation,　and　manufacturing.　Moreover,　the　variations　in　environmental　impacts　under　different　grid　structures　were　discussed.　The　results　indicate　that　silicon　wafer　production　stage　contributes　significantly　to　most　of　the　environmental　indicators　such　as　global　warming　potential,　ozone　depletion,　particulate　matter　formation,　fossil　resource　depletion,　water　consumption　and　so　on,　while　the　electricity　generation　stage　had　the　largest　impact　on　stratospheric　ozone　depletion　and　terrestrial　acidification　indictors.　The　contribution　to　global　warming　caused　by　the　electricity　used　in　the　production　and　operation　of　MSSC　varies　significantly　under　different　grid　structures.　©　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　license　to　Springer　Nature　Singapore　Pte　Ltd.　2025.