Based　on　the　theory　of　ecological　resources　recycling,　the　effects　of　matrix　quality,　surface　treatment　method,　soaking　time,　age　after　treatment　and　fluosilicate　cation　on　hardening　cement　based　materials　were　investigated　by　using　the　byproduct　of　phosphate　fertilizer　production　namely　fluosilicate　as　the　surface　treatment　agent　of　cement-based　materials　and　changing　different　surface　treatments.　The　results　showed　that　the　permeation　capacity　of　surface　hardener　solution,　the　wear　resistance　and　surface　hardness　of　cement-based　materials　were　significantly　improved　by　the　treatments　of　surface　sanding　and　oven　drying.　Both　surface　spraying　and　submerging　methods　can　promptly　increase　the　hardening　effect　by　more　than　20%,　manifesting　as　the　rapid　improvement　of　wear　resistance　in　1　day　and　the　maintenance　of　that　in　7　days.　The　effective　spraying　amount　and　soaking　time　were　100g/m2-200g/m2　and　6　h,　respectively.　The　fluosilicate　surface　hardener　exhibited　better　hardening　effect　than　the　silicate　surface　hardener　for　those　matrix　materials　with　different　quality,　especially　for　the　matrix　materials　with　low　compactness.　The　magnesium　fluosilicate　displayed　the　best　hardening　effect.　Besides,　the　mechanism　of　fluosilicate　and　silicate　surface　hardeners　were　discussed　and　compared.　The　results　show　that　the　fluosilicate　surface　hardener　produced　crystals　and　colloids　by　reacting　with　cement　hydrates　to　fill　the　void　and　improve　the　compactness,　other　than　the　silicate　surface　hardener　which　produced　calcium　silicates　by　reacting　with　cement　hydrates.　As　a　result,　the　hardness　and　wear　resistance　of　cement-based　materials　are　improved,　but　also　the　probability　of　a　potential　alkali-aggregate　reaction　is　substantially　reduced.　©　2017　Trans　Tech　Publications,　Switzerland.