The　performance　and　modification　mechanism　of　Buton　rock　asphalt　(BRA)　modified　asphalt　were　analyzed.　The　road　performance　of　modified　asphalt　was　observed　and　compared　with　SBS　modified　asphalt　to　confirm　the　modification　mechanism.　Four-component　test,　and　dynamic　shear　rheological　tests　were　conducted　to　identify　the　performance　of　modified　asphalt.　Fourier　transform　infrared　spectroscopy　was　carried　out　to　analyze　the　modification　mechanism　of　modified　asphalt.　Finally,　the　rutting,　low-temperature　bending　beam　failure,　and　freeze-thaw　splitting　tests　were　used　to　evaluate　the　high-temperature　performance,　low-temperature　cracking　resistance,　and　water　stability　performance　of　mixtures,　respectively.　The　results　show　that　the　high-temperature　performance　of　asphalt　can　be　improved　by　BRA　with　asphaltene　and　resin　increased.　It　is　likely　that　there　is　no　new　functional　group　generated　and　this　process　was　physical　changes　mainly.　The　honeycomb　structure　of　BRA　ashes/particles　increased　the　contact　area　between　the　base　asphalt　and　BRA　ashes/particles,　which　makes　the　asphalt　change　from　the　homogeneous　body　into　a　two-phase　continuous　structure　system.　Consequently,　the　adhesion　between　asphalt　and　BRA　ashes/particles　was　enhanced,　and　the　dynamic　stability,　bending　coefficient　and　splitting　strength　ratio　were　improved.　It　indicates　that　the　test　results　of　asphalt　mixtures　verified　the　modification　effect　of　BRA.　(c)　2018　Wiley　Periodicals,　Inc.　J.　Appl.　Polym.　Sci.　2019,　136,　46903.