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The synthesis of hierarchical lamellar zeolites with a controlled meso-/microporous morphology and acidity is an expanding area of research interest for a wide range of applications. Here, we report a onestep synthesis of a hierarchical meso-/microporous lamellar MFI-Sn/Al zeolite (i.e., containing both Lewis acidic Sn- and Al-sites and a Bronsted acidic Al-O(H)-Si site) and its catalytic application for the conversion of glucose into 5-(ethoxymethyl) furfural (EMF). The MFI-Sn/Al zeolite was prepared with the assistance of a diquaternary ammonium ([C22H45-N+(CH3)(2)-C6H12-N+(CH3)(2)-C6H13]Br2-, C22-6-6) template in a composition of 100SiO(2)/5C(22-6-6)/18.5Na(2)O/xAl(2)O(3)/ySnO(2)/2957H(2)O (x = 0.5, 1, and 2; y = 1 and 2, respectively). The MFI-Sn/Al zeolites innovatively feature dual meso-/microporosity and dual Lewis and Bronsted acidity, which enabled a three-step reaction cascade for EMF synthesis from glucose in ethanol solvent. The reaction proceeded via the isomerization of glucose to fructose over Lewis acidic Sn sites and the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and then the etherification of HMF and ethanol to EMF over the Bronsted acidic Al-O(H)-Si sites. The co-existence of multiple acidities in a single zeolite catalyst enabled one-pot cascade reactions for carbohydrate upgrading. The dual meso-/microporosity in the MFI-Sn/Al zeolites facilitated mass transport in processing of bulky biomass molecules. The balance of both types of acidity and meso-/microporosity realized an EMF yield as high as 44% from the glucose reactant.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
ISSN: 2050-7488
Year: 2018
Issue: 17
Volume: 6
Page: 7693-7705
1 1 . 9 0 0
JCR@2022
ESI Discipline: MATERIALS SCIENCE;
ESI HC Threshold:260
JCR Journal Grade:1
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 50
SCOPUS Cited Count: 51
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 4
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